[한국교육웹진 2013 / Vol. 40, No. 1] 조선전기 방방(放榜)의 교육정책적 의의

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조선전기 방방(放榜)의 교육정책적 의의 / 이원재

A Study on the Aspects of the Educational Policy of Bangbang (放榜) during the Early Choson Dynasty / Won Jae Lee

한국교육, 제40권 제 1호, pp.5-23/ Journal of Korean Education, 40(1),5-23

Received 28 February 2013: Revised 3 April 2013: Accepted 10 April 2013

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초록

 본 연구는 조선전기 방방(放榜)에 전제되어 있었던 교육정책적 의의를 밝히고자 하는 것이다. 방방은 과거 합격자 발표 의식으로서 유 가(遊街)나 은영연(恩榮宴) 등과 함께 합격자와 그 가족들로 하여금 영현(榮顯)의 체험을 하도록 하기 위한 목적을 갖고 거행되었 다. 이처럼 방방은 단순히 합격자 명단을 공지하는 것이 아니라 일련의 의식(儀式)을 통해 합격자와 가족들로 하여금 최대한으로 합격 의 영광을 향유케 함으로써 후생(後生)들의 향학심을 고무시키기 위한 의도가 깔려 있었다. 이런 이유 때문에 방방 의식은 소기의 효 과를 거둘 수 있도록 극적인 요소들이 유기적으로 구성되어 있었다. 국가의 경축 행사 때만 착용하는 조복(朝服)을 입고 국왕이 임석 하였으며, 특히 문무과의 경우는 종실과 모든 문과 백관이 시복(時服)이 아닌 조복을 착용하고 참석하였다. 이 의식에서는 엄숙한 일 련의 절차에 따라 합격증이 주어졌을 뿐만 아니라, 어사화, 주과(酒果), 햇빛가리개 등이 하사되었다. 이와 같은 성대한 절차로 인 해 당시에는 방방 의식에 참여하는 것을 일생의 영광으로 여겼다. 이로 인해 방방은 당시 학생들의 학업 의지를 고양시키는 계기 가 될 수 있었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 당시 위정자들이 궁극적으로 기대했던 향학심의 확대를 통한 후생들의 교화(敎化)는 대체로 학생 들이 학업을 과거합격을 위한 수단으로 여기는 부작용으로 인해 그 성공을 기대하기 어려웠다. 요컨대 조선전기 방방의 교육정책적 의의 는 권학책으로서는 일정 부분 성과가 있었다 하더라도 교화책으로는 한계가 있었다고 할 수 있다.

키워드

교육정책, 조선전기, 과거, 방방, 유가, 은영연, 권학책, 교화책

ABSTRACT

 This study was designed to examine the aspects of the educational policy of Bangbang, the announcement ceremony for those who passed the civil service examination in the early Choson Dynasty. The results are as follows: 

 1) Bangbang was held to honor the successful candidates, and the government held the ceremony to encourage the students to study Confucianism and the Confucian classics.
 2) The procedure of Bangbang was designed not only for the successful candidates, but also for their family members, to allow them to share in the honor. The king and all high-ranking officers were present at the ceremony wearing court dress, and the king bestowed examination certificates and imperial gifts, such as flowers, fruits, wines and sunshades, on the successful candidates.
 3) Bangbang being such an honorable ceremony to join, the students were inspired by their family to study hard Confucianism and the Confucian classics to pass the civil service examination.
 4) Nevertheless, the ultimate goal of Bangbang was only achieved in part as a tool to encourage education, since it has certain limitations as an educational ceremony.

KEYWORDS

educational policy, Bangbang, early Choson Dynasty, civil service examination, announcement ceremony

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